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7. Anabolic payout of terminal implant alters adipogenic gene expression of the longissimus muscle in beef steers

Author

Smith, Z. K., Chung, K. Y., Parr, S. L., and Johnson, B. J.

Subjects
Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

This experiment evaluated the dose and payout pattern of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol-17? (E2) on LM mRNA expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-? (AMPK-?), C/EBP?, G protein-coupled receptor 41(GPR41), G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), PPAR?, and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) in finishing feedlot steers as indicators of adipogenesis and marbling development. British x Continental steers (n = 168; 14 pens/treatment; initial BW = 362 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included: no implant (NI), Revalor-S (REV-S; 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E2), or Revalor-XS (REV-X; delayed release implant: 80 mg TBA + 16 mg E2 [uncoated], 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E2 [coated], 200 mg TBA + 40 mg E2 [total]). Steers were fed 1 time daily for an average of 164 d. The LM biopsies were collected (1 steer/pen) on d -1, 27, 55, and 111 relative to timing of implant. Total RNA was isolated from each sample and real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure quantity of AMPK-?, C/EBP?, GPR41, ,it, PPAR?, and SCD mRNA. No implant x day interactions were detected (P ? 0.19) in this experiment. Day impacted the mRNA expression of all adipogenic genes (P ? 0.02). The main effect of implant tended (P = 0.09) to influence expression of AMPK-?, REV-X had an 8.8% increase over NI and an 18.7% increase over REV-S. Implant influenced (P = 0.03) mRNA expression of GPR41, expression of GPR41 for the REV-X treatment was not different (P > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater (P ? 0.05) than REV-S (1.13, 1.00, and 0.67 [+ or -] 0.224 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. Implant also influenced (P = 0.02) expression of GPR43, expression of GPR43 for REV-X was not different (P > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater (P ? 0.05) than REV-S (1.27, 1.07, and 0.72 [+ or -] 0.234 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. Implant influenced (P = 0.02) mRNA expression of PPAR? in LM tissue, expression of PPAR? for REV-X was not different (P > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater (P ? 0.05) than REV-S (1.09, 1.02, and 0.69 [+ or -] 0.195 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. The REV-X steers received the greatest anabolic dose of TBA + E2 without detriment to marbling scores. The increased mRNA expression of adipogenic genes for REV-X steers suggest that the delayed and gradual release of anabolic stimulants associated with REV-X might have mitigated decreases in marbling generally attributed to multiple combined TBA + E2 implants.

Published
2017

24. Warner-Bratzler and slice shear force measurements of 3 beef muscles in response to various aging periods after trenbolone acetate and estradiol implants and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation of finishing beef steers

Author

Garmyn, A. J., primary, Knobel, S. M., additional, Spivey, K. S., additional, Hightower, L. F., additional, Brooks, J. C., additional, Johnson, B. J., additional, Parr, S. L., additional, Rathmann, R. J., additional, Starkey, J. D., additional, Yates, D. A., additional, Hodgen, J. M., additional, Hutcheson, J. P., additional, and Miller, M. F., additional

Published
2011
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29. Effects of implants of trenbolone acetate, estradiol, or both, on muscle insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, estrogen receptor-α, and androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in feedlot steers1

Author

Pampusch, M. S., primary, White, M. E., additional, Hathaway, M. R., additional, Baxa, T. J., additional, Chung, K. Y., additional, Parr, S. L., additional, Johnson, B. J., additional, Weber, W. J., additional, and Dayton, W. R., additional

Published
2008
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39. Changing provision for the elderly mentally ill : a geographical perspective

Author

Parr, S. J.

Subjects
362.1, GN Anthropology
Abstract

The focus in this study is on the reasons for the changing form of psychiatric services for the elderly. Attention is also focussed on how planners can develop appropriate services for the elderly mentally ill, hereinafter referred to as the "EMI". In Chapter One, background details of the problem of providing services for the EMI are presented. The analysis is identified as being a geographical contribution to the study of mental health and ageing at the intersection of three areas of interest: the pathology of mental illness in the elderly mental health service provision and programme evaluation. This is achieved by the development of a Purpose - Structure - Evaluation framework which has its origin in geographical public services research. As a foundation to the study in Chapter Two mental illness in the elderly is examined. From this background which highlights the service requirements an historical review of service provision in the U.K. is provided in Chapter Three which culminates in an empirical description of the present form of services and outlines models of the deinstitutionalisation process. The findings from the case-study of the Exeter District Health Authority (DHA) in Chapter Four and those from a national questionnaire survey of district health authorities in Chapter Five, highlight the inadequacy of these models and the difficulty of developing psychiatric services for the elderly. Evaluation of the Exeter DHA locality planning approach by location-allocation modelling in Chapter Six and the results of a community attitude questionnaire survey in Chapter Seven reveal the potential of the locality planning method. Finally, in Chapter Eight an explanation of the policy transition is proposed together with a planning methodology for the implementation of local services for the EMI.

Published
1985

47. Trade and investment agreements: Implications for health protection

Author

Mcneill, D., Barlow, P., Birkbeck, C. D., Fukuda-Parr, S., Grover, A., Schrecker, T., and David Stuckler

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Political Science and International Relations, Law
Abstract

Trade and Investment Agreements (TIAs) have been widely criticized for their potentially negative effects on health. Many governments, particularly from low- and middle-income countries, have voiced concerns that mega-regional agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, will erode governments’ scope for health protection, weakening for instance those options that remain permissible under World Trade Organization rules. Further, these mega-regional agreements will set default standards and rules of the game that even non-signatories will need to emulate in order to be competitive in the global market. This article begins by reviewing the changing structure of trade and investment policy, global production, and the relation between the two. The effects of TIAs on health are then analysed, based on some of the most relevant evidence. Key power asymmetries within the global trade and investment architecture are described, and the way they influence how trade rules are made, implemented and adjudicated. Section 5 examines a particularly striking and topical instance of such power asymmetries, investor-state dispute settlement provisions in TIAs, and their relevance to health. The article concludes with recommendations to mitigate the potential negative health externalities of TIAs.

Published
2017

49. THE COUNTRY SCHOOLS

Author

PARR, S. S., Massey, John E., and Preston, J. R.

Published
1894

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